Scalability Trilemma

The scalability trilemma is a concept in blockchain design that states a network cannot simultaneously achieve optimal scalability, security, and decentralization. Typically, improving one aspect requires compromises in the others. For example, increasing transaction throughput may reduce decentralization or require trade-offs in security. This concept guides developers when designing consensus mechanisms and network architectures. It is often discussed in the context of layer-one blockchains and protocol upgrades. The scalability trilemma highlights the inherent challenges in building efficient, secure, and decentralized networks.